Elon Reeve Musk FRS (born June 28, 1971) is an entrepreneur and business magnate.
He is the founder, CEO, and Chief Engineer at SpaceX; early-stage investor, CEO, and Product Architect of Tesla, Inc.; founder of The Boring Company; and co-founder of Neuralink and OpenAI.
With an estimated net worth of around US$270 billion as of January 2022, Musk is the wealthiest person in the world according to the Bloomberg billionaires index and the Forbes real-time billionaires list.
Musk was born to a Canadian mother and South African father, and raised in Pretoria, South Africa.
He briefly attended the University of Pretoria before moving to Canada at age 17 to avoid conscription.
He was enrolled at Queen's University and transferred to the University of Pennsylvania two years later, where he received a bachelor's degree in economics and physics, then moved to California in 1995 to attend Stanford University but decided instead to pursue a business career, co-founding the web software company Zip2 with his brother Kimbal.
The startup was acquired by Compaq for $307 million in 1999. The same year, Musk co-founded online bank X.com, which merged with Confinity in 2000 to form PayPal.
The company was bought by eBay in 2002 for $1.5 billion.
In 2002, Musk founded SpaceX, an aerospace manufacturer and space transport services company, of which he is CEO and CTO.
In 2004, he joined electric vehicle manufacturer Tesla Motors, Inc. (now Tesla, Inc.) as chairman and product architect, becoming its CEO in 2008.
In 2006, he helped create SolarCity, a solar energy services company that was later acquired by Tesla and became Tesla Energy.
In 2015, he co-founded OpenAI, a nonprofit research company that promotes friendly artificial intelligence.
In 2016, he co-founded Neuralink, a neurotechnology company focused on developing brain–computer interfaces, and founded The Boring Company, a tunnel construction company.
Musk has proposed the Hyperloop, a high-speed vactrain transportation system.
Musk has been the subject of criticism due to his unorthodox or unscientific stances and highly publicized controversial statements.
In 2018, he was sued for defamation by a British caver who advised in the Tham Luang cave rescue; a California jury ruled in favor of Musk.
In the same year, he was sued by the US Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) for falsely tweeting that he had secured funding for a private takeover of Tesla.
He settled with the SEC, temporarily stepping down from his chairmanship and agreed to limitations on his Twitter usage.
Musk has spread misinformation about the COVID-19 pandemic and has received criticism from experts for his other views on such matters as artificial intelligence, cryptocurrency, and public transport.
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