Science

Cryptography 5 (1)

Cryptography, or cryptology, is the practice and study of techniques for secure communication in the presence of adversarial behavior. More generally, cryptography is about constructing and analyzing protocols that prevent third parties or the public from reading private messages; various aspects of information security, such as data confidentiality, data integrity, authentication, and non-repudiation, are central to modern cryptography. Modern cryptography exists at the intersection of the disciplines of mathematics, computer science, electrical engineering, communication […]

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Hannes Bok 5 (2)

Born Wayne Francis WoodardJuly 2, 1914Kansas City, Missouri, United States Died April 11, 1964 (aged 49)New York City, New York, United States Pen name Hannes Bok Occupation Illustrator, writer Nationality American Period 1939–1957 (SF magazine artist) Genre Fantasy Hannes Bok, pen name for Wayne Francis Woodard, was an American artist and illustrator who also dabbled in astrology and

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Social network 5 (26)

In formal sociology and institutional theory, a social network is defined as a complex social structure composed of nodes (individual or collective actors) and dyadic ties (the specific relationships or interdependencies between them). 🏛️ Unlike the colloquial use of the term to describe digital platforms, the academic study of social networks—Social Network Analysis (SNA)—examines how

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Apollo 16 4.6 (5)

Apollo 16 was the tenth crewed mission of NASA’s Apollo program and the fifth mission to land humans on the Moon. Launched on April 16, 1972, it marked the first lunar landing in the lunar highlands, an area of great geological interest. The mission provided valuable insights into the Moon’s early history and tested scientific

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Speciation 5 (45)

Speciation is the evolutionary process by which populations of organisms diverge into distinct species. It is a central concept in evolutionary biology, explaining the diversity of life on Earth. Speciation occurs when genetic differences accumulate within populations, eventually leading to reproductive isolation—meaning members of one group can no longer interbreed successfully with members of another.

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Ecology 4.4 (27)

Ecology is the scientific study of interactions among organisms and their physical environment. It examines the distribution, abundance, and relationships of living organisms, as well as the processes that govern ecosystems. The discipline bridges biology, environmental science, and earth systems, aiming to understand how life functions, persists, and responds to both natural and anthropogenic changes.

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Mantle (geology) 5 (84)

The mantle is the thickest layer of the Earth, located between the outer crust and the extremely hot core. It makes up approximately 84% of Earth’s total volume and acts as the “engine room” of the planet, driving the movement of tectonic plates and fueling volcanic activity. 🌋 🏗️ Structure and Composition The mantle is

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Carnegie Mellon University 5 (328)

Overview Carnegie Mellon University (CMU) is a private research university in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States. Established in 1900 by philanthropist Andrew Carnegie as the Carnegie Technical Schools, the institution became the Carnegie Institute of Technology in 1912. In 1967, it merged with the Mellon Institute of Industrial Research, forming what is now Carnegie Mellon University.

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