🌍 Overview Biodiversity—short for biological diversity—refers to the variety and variability of life on Earth. It encompasses the full range of living organisms, from microscopic bacteria to complex multicellular organisms such as plants, animals, and fungi. Biodiversity also includes the genetic differences within species, the variety of species themselves, and the diversity of ecosystems in […]
Biology is the scientific study of life and living organisms. It examines structure, function, growth, origin, evolution, distribution, and interactions of living systems—from molecular machinery inside cells to planetary-scale ecosystems. As one of the core natural sciences, biology integrates chemistry, physics, mathematics, and computational methods to explain how life operates and evolves. Modern biology is
Speciation is the evolutionary process by which populations of organisms diverge into distinct species. It is a central concept in evolutionary biology, explaining the diversity of life on Earth. Speciation occurs when genetic differences accumulate within populations, eventually leading to reproductive isolation—meaning members of one group can no longer interbreed successfully with members of another.