Digital economics

Decentralized Finance (DeFi) 5 (18)

Decentralized Finance (DeFi) refers to a financial ecosystem built on public blockchain networks that enables lending, borrowing, trading, derivatives, and other financial services without traditional centralized intermediaries such as banks or brokerages. Instead of institutions, DeFi relies on smart contracts—self-executing programs deployed on blockchains. Most DeFi activity occurs on the Ethereum network, though other blockchains […]

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Proprietary Software 5 (26)

Proprietary software is software that is privately owned and distributed under a license that restricts users’ rights to modify, redistribute, or access the source code. The copyright holder—typically a corporation or developer—retains exclusive control over the software’s use, development, and commercial distribution. Unlike open-source software, proprietary software operates under legal frameworks designed to preserve intellectual

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