A Keiretsu (Japanese: 系列, literally system or series) is a set of companies with interlocking business relationships and shareholdings. Emerging in the Japanese economy in the second half of the 20th century, these groups succeeded the older zaibatsu (family-owned monopolies) following the Allied occupation of Japan after World War II. The keiretsu model—exemplified by groups like Mitsubishi and Sumitomo—emphasizes long-term stability and “cross-shareholding,” protecting member companies from stock market fluctuations and hostile takeovers.
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