Naval Engineering

How do submarines make oxygen? 5 (4)

Submarines operate for extended periods underwater, often without access to the surface. To sustain their crews, they must provide a continuous supply of breathable air—primarily oxygen—while removing harmful gases such as carbon dioxide. Unlike surface ships, submarines cannot rely on external ventilation, so they use a combination of onboard oxygen generation systems, chemical processes, and […]

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How do submarines break through ice? 4.8 (5)

Submarines operating in polar regions face the unique challenge of surfacing through thick sea ice. To ensure crew safety, communication, and navigational capability, submarines must occasionally break through ice layers to reach open air. This process combines specialized submarine design features, tactical navigation, and procedural techniques to allow safe emergence in the Arctic and Antarctic

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